The provisions of the EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) start to come into force in stages and we are now approaching another important milestone. On 2 August 2025, further regulations will start to apply that will affect the activities of entities developing and making AI systems available, in particular the so-called General Purpose AI (GPAI) models. These models play a key role in the AI value chain, often providing the foundation for solutions developed by others. The new obligations may therefore affect not only the original suppliers of these models, but also the organisations that modify or integrate them in their products. 

On 10 February 2025, a revised draft bill on artificial intelligence systems was published, aimed at implementing the EU AI Act in Poland. This is the second version of the draft, incorporating a series of changes based on feedback received during public consultations.

On 9 August 2024 the Electronic Communications Law was published in the Journal of Laws [1]. The new legislation, which will replace the current Telecommunications Law, introduces additional obligations for electronic communications entrepreneurs, a newly defined group of entities previously not covered by the former regulations. In this article, we explain who electronic communications entrepreneurs are and outline the obligations they will now be subject to.

In the world of gaming, the legality of various types of software used for cheating or “enhancing” the gaming experience (usually in the form of plug-ins) continues to be a topic of debate. In a recent legal opinion (delivered on 25 April, 2024, in case C‑159/23 Sony Computer Entertainment Europe Ltd vs Datel Design and Development Ltd, Datel Direct Ltd), Maciej Szpunar, Advocate General at the CJEU, stated that creating such plugins does not violate game developers’ copyright. This important clarification could also have a negative side effect, as it might encourage further innovation and investment in gaming “enhancements” and any other software facing similar legal issues, potentially impacting the entire IT industry.

In the age of widespread artificial intelligence (AI) integration, over 90% of programmers now utilize AI tools such as ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, or Github Copilot in their software development workflows. Simultaneously, legal debates persist regarding the copyright implications related to content produced using AI, which has significant ramifications. Determining whether software elements created using AI qualify for copyright protection profoundly impacts licensing and copyright transfer, affecting IT solution providers, buyers, employees, and contractors alike.

On 11 January 2024, the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (the so-called Data Act)[1] entered into force. Will the provisions of the Data Act affect cloud contracts and the obligations of data processing service providers, and if so, how?

On 9 November, 2023, the European Parliament adopted a compromise text for the proposal for the Data Act . The new regulation is yet to be officially adopted by the Council of the European Union, but the contents of the future EU regulation are now known.

Copyright issues related to the use of generative AI within a business have become a major concern amongst business owners. Those concerns have not gone unnoticed by some of the AI systems vendors. Recently, many of them have been promoting their AI tools by introducing mechanisms aimed at protecting users against potential IP infringements. Such tools, however, must be approached with due caution as the protection offered has its limitations and usually requires a number of additional conditions to be met.

One of the main objectives of adoption of the EU Regulation – the Digital Services Act (DSA) was defining the rules on content moderation by digital service providers. On the one hand, the DSA defines the procedure for and consequences of moderating or not moderating content, while on the other hand it also lays down the rights of users when their content is moderated. The fulfillment of these requirements has direct implications firstly with respect to the possible civil or criminal liability of intermediary service providers for distributing others’ content of an illegal or harmful nature, and secondly with respect to administrative liability under the Digital Services Act (e. g. a financial penalty imposed by the Digital Services Coordinator under Article 52(3) of the DSA).

At the beginning of February 2023, the Council of Europe Committee on Artificial Intelligence published the “zero” draft Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. The document is dated 6 January, 2023, and is the Council of Europe’s preliminary proposal for the AI future regulatory framework.

Computer system implementation using the agile methodology was intended to remedy the problems typically experienced with projects conducted using the waterfall approach, where the time and costs of implementation are ill-judged, often making it necessary to repeatedly conclude annexes to an agreement or litigate with regard to the scope of work assigned and late delivery.

In the intense debate over the growth of artificial intelligence (AI), the system most talked about recently is ChatGPT. Until recently, the technology used in ChatGPT was considered an interesting fact, while now it has suddenly and spectacularly become part of daily life – and commerce as well.